Foreword to the edition of the Nouveau Testament de Lyon
(Lyon, Bibliothèque de la Ville, A.I.54 / Palais des Arts 36),
edited by M. Roy Harris and Peter T. Ricketts
This is a manuscript of a Waldensian New Testament from the second half of the 13th century, measuring 175 by 132 mm., with paper covers, and, in its present state consists of 241 ff., of which ff. 235ra-241vb are taken up by the Cathar Ritual, which is to be found in Rialto (cf. Prosa religiosa). The text of the manuscript is in two columns, and the different sections of the New Testament are headed by ornamented capitals. The chapters are marked by initials which alternate between red and blue. The manuscript originally consisted of 244 folios, of which three no longer exist: 76, 77 and 176. Of the two numberings of the folios, the one in pencil is older, has slips and does not correspond to the manuscript as preserved. The second, later, in ink, provides an accurate numbering of the manuscript in its present state.
The localisation of the manuscript is a complex matter, and scholars have opted principally for an origin in the Languedoc, which goes back as far as Berger (1889 et 1890) and is picked up by specialists on scriptae (De Poerck – Van Deyck 1968 and Van Deyck 1970), but the principle of assigning a text to a scripta assumes the presence of different local and regional linguistic traditions rather than those of a single dialect. Indeed, textual analysis of the text reveals forms which cannot have come from the Languedoc, and may well belong to other dialects, specifically to those of Northern Italy.
The manuscript adopts an individual ordering of the books of the New Testament, both by comparison with the Vulgate and with other Waldensian versions, of which two others are published, that of Zurich (Salvioni 1890) and that of Nüesch (1979). Each version opens with the Gospels, Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, as in the Vulgate, but, whereas Lyon and Zurich follow these along the traditional route with the Acts of the Apostles, Carpentras holds them until after the letter to the Hebrews. Zurich follows with the letters of Paul, the letters of James, Peter, John and Jude, ending with Apocalypse. These letters immediately follow the Gospels in Carpentras, then Apocalypse, then the letters of Paul, and the Acts are in last place for the main body of the text. Unusually, some books of the Apocrypha close the manuscript: Proverbs of Solomon, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, Wisdom and Ecclesiasticus. In Lyon, the Acts are followed by Apocalypse, a hint that it was used by Cathars, the letters of James, Peter, John and Jude, then the letters of Paul. This version is distinguished by the fact that it also contains the letter to the Laodiceans, normally included in the Apocrypha, following Colossians. Colossians itself occurs after II Thessalonians, disrupting the normal order: Philippians – Colossians – Thessalonians I and II. It may well be that the inclusion of Laodiceans drew Colossians from its normal position, given the explicit references to the brothers from Laodicia in Colossians 4:15 and 16.
The history of the publication of this manuscript is too long and also too complicated to be described in this preface, all the more so because the presence of this edition in Rialto comes at the end of not only a story of abandoned projects, but the particular case of two well qualified scholars, who, over not less than 40 years, had been working, albeit spasmodically, on the edition of this important text. It is a rare event when one finds that the same text produces two editions, published in a year or so of each other, although it has happened. Fortunately, this is not the situation. The case concerns the edition of Peter Wunderli (2009-2010) and that of M. Roy Harris, close to completion at the time of the writing of this preface.
Peter Wunderli describes in his preface that he had become interested in the early 60s by the idea of a complete edition of the main Occitan and Waldensian versions of the Bible, and particularly of the New Testament, but the most he could achieve, at the time, was a group of four studies (Wunderli 1969a, 1969b, 1971 and 1982). In the early 70s, he discovered that two colleagues had the same intention with regard to the Lyon New Testament: M. Roy Harris was working towards an edition, and Luciana Borghi Cedrini announced that she was close to giving her edition to a publishing company. Wunderli describes his attempts at collaboration with his two colleagues, a collaboration which could not be achieved. Over the next 20 years, Wunderli and his collaborators in Düsseldorf worked towards the realization of a complete edition, and, in spite of numerous problems, which almost drove him to abandoning his goal, he continued, and, in 1995, he was able to work, albeit in a limited way, towards the completion of the project. After he retired in 2003, he was able to complete his work, so that by 2006 the edition was practically ready.
M. Roy Harris, in the meantime, returned to the New Testament, after a long period when the demands of his post at the University of Virginia, and his preoccupation with other projects, had prevented him from working on the main project. But he, too, like Wunderli, had maintained his interest, and had published several substantial studies (Harris 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988). He states (in Harris 1988, 433) that, early in 1985, the entire transcription of the Lyon manuscript was in the computer. Later, he demonstrated his desire to complete his work on the Lyon manuscript by publishing, in Rialto, the book of the letter to the Laodiceans (Harris 2004), and, the next year, the Cathar Ritual (Harris 2005).
It was in the mid-90s that I was able to return to the Concordance de l’occitan médiéval (COM) (Ricketts 2001 and 2005), after my own (early) retirement in 1991. The second tranche of COM was under way, and I contacted my old friend to see what progress he was making with the Lyon New Testament. After some discussion, and with no knowledge of whether Peter Wunderli had continued his work or not, we decided to attempt to finish Harris’s work, which had gradually built into an imposing edition. We aimed to publish the edition, and, thereafter, to include it in the third tranche of COM, the prose texts, the final part of the project, which should be completed by 2012.
A further strand had complicated matters for both Wunderli and Harris. Jean Duvernoy, some five years ago, published a partial transcription of the Lyon manuscript on the Web, containing the Gospels, Acts of the Apostles, Apocalypse and the Cathar Ritual. Although he announced the publication of the Letters (of Paul and the Catholic Letters), these have never been accessible.
Wunderli’s decision, thereafter, to proceed with his edition was based on the fact that Duvernoy’s edition is incomplete and lacks the essentials to work properly on the text philologically. Harris had neither published his edition nor was it available on CD. A traditional publication was essential: in a first volume, a solid text, which shows scribal interventions, a critical apparatus and notes. A second volume was prepared to follow the first, containing a study of the language of the manuscript and a glossary which would provide background and etymology for the most important entries. The scholarly world now has these two critically important volumes.
It was clear to me that matters should not be left there. Many years of work are involved in the painstaking work of both Wunderli and Harris, and, if a way could be found to make even more progress, then it should be pursued. In what I can only describe as serendipity, Roy Harris (1988) states that whether Wunderli and his team were to publish their edition before his own, “such an eventuality should not cause us [Harris and Ricketts, and, at the time, Borghi Cedrini] to abandon our own work. Likewise, if ours should precede theirs, that alone should not be sufficient cause for them to abandon their edition. Each work will doubtless have its own strengths, thereby giving scholars a better understanding of these two very important texts”.
One less satisfactory way of proceeding would have been for Harris and me to write a review article, or, if the evidence warranted it, a full-length study in the form of a monograph. But neither of these avenues would give satisfaction, because the great merit of Harris’s edition is, firstly, that it provides a second examination of the text (by comparison with Wunderli’s); secondly, in spite of Wunderli’s linguistic study, his notes and his glossary, the thousands of detailed notes accompanying Harris’s text open a treasure trove of great value. The solution, which Harris has readily agreed with, was to provide a text which combines the best of the two editions, since there are few examples which cannot be improved on. Harris’s notes would comment on the decisions taken in Wunderli’s text, explaining, where necessary, the reasons for disagreement. But what vehicle could be used to bring a very large body of material to the scholarly world? A text of more than average length, accompanied by a mass of notes which go far beyond the scope of Wunderli’s, would already translate into a large two-volume publication. And there is already an excellent publication!
Given the predilection for publications to be backed up by electronic versions, it was not difficult to find a solution, especially since the creation of Rialto, permitting a solution which could not have been envisaged in the 1980s. Here was a ready-made means of giving access to an edition, with all its notes, an edition which, otherwise, would not see the light. It does not replace the Wunderli edition, and the intellectual rights of that edition are protected. It does not attempt to give the detailed introduction, the linguistic study or the detailed glossary, which are the particular strengths of Wunderli’s edition. Quite simply, the Rialto edition provides a comparison, in the most efficient way possible.
Without the agreement of Costanzo Di Girolamo, and his willingness to integrate this large corpus into Rialto, this remarkable enterprise would not have been realized. Both Roy Harris and I are most grateful to Costanzo di Girolamo and his team of researchers for this gesture of friendship and collaboration.
P. T. R.
February 15, 2011
Editorial procedures
While reliance on the photolithographic reproduction of Clédat (1887) would not be appropriate for the editio princeps of the New Testament, it is clear, from comparison of the two editions, that little has been left to chance in determining the correct reading of the manuscript, given that the reproduction by Clédat is acceptable for a practised eye.
Both editions adopt the general principles on which good modern editing is founded, and it is unnecessary to list these. It is, however essential to mark the differences in presentation and in interpretation between them.
Wunderli insists on showing, in his text, the resolution of all abbreviations by means of italics, for example que for ‘q’ + titulus. In the present edition, this information is entrusted to the notes, wherever it is significant. The net gain is a more readable text. In the same way, whereas Wunderli indicates interlinear forms by the use of angled brackets: <...>, Harris leaves them unmarked. In this edition, any scribal correction made is shown between square brackets, whether it be one letter or a longer sequence.
Among the problematic cases, Wunderli and Harris largely agree. However, in the matter of nasals indicated by a titulus, where Wunderli generally opts for -n, Harris separates the wavy titulus (~) for m from the straight titulus (-) for n; this means that clusters such as -mt and -md- are kept. Crist is preferred to Christ, Jesu to Jhesu. Despite the prevalence of “orazo” and “orazos” in the text, unabbreviated oracio and oracios is preferred for the resolution of oro, where r is surmounted by a titulus.
The other major difference between the two editions lies in the treatment of direct speech. Wunderli has opted for a careful, but complicated system of marking direct quotation, using double quotation marks, whereas a quotation within quotation marks is in single quotation marks. For the meaning of a lexeme single quotation marks are used, ‘...’, and also in the case of third level direct speech contained in second level direct speech, which, in turn, is contained in primary direct speech (for example Mar 12:35-37). Given that it is standard practice where biblical text is concerned to restrict use of quotation marks to direct speech, they have been limited to such cases.
The hyphen has been brought into service for two particular circumstances. The first concerns calques, i.e. where medieval translators of Latin create derivative forms which diverge from linguistic norms in the vernacular, and particularly in matters of prefixation, such as Mat 1:25 primer-engenrat, based on primogenitum. The second relates to the marking of separate forms of the future, tmesis, useful in itself and for the search of such forms in COM, e.g. Mat 3:2 apropiar-s’-a.
In general, notes to this edition deal exhaustively with particular problems of phonology, morphology, lexis and syntax. The combination of these with Wunderli’s linguistic study and his glossary should give the reader an excellent insight into problems and their resolution. Individual comments in respect of changes made to one text in favour of the other will also be found in the notes.
acc.] accusative
Act] Acts of the Apostles
adv.] adverb
Apo] Book of Revelations
Cat.] Catalan
1 Co] First Epistle of Paul to the Corinthians
2 Co] Second Epistle of Paul to the Corinthians
Col] Epistle of Paul to the Colossians
conj.] conjunction
DCVB] A. Alcover, F. de B. Moll, Diccionari català-valencià-balear. 10 vols. (Palma de Mallorca), 1927-1962.
dir.] direct
Douay] The Holy Bible, translated from the Latin Vulgate … first published by the English College at Douay, anno 1609, newly revised and corrected according to the Clementine edition of the scriptures, published with the approbation of His Eminence James Cardinal Gibbons (New York, 1914).
Duvernoy] Jean Duvernoy, “Nouveau Testament occitan / Rituel cathare. Ms PA 36 de la Bibliothèque de la ville de Lyon. Introduction et transcription de J.D. <http://jean.duvernoy.free.fr./texte/listetexte.htm>
Eph] Epistle of Paul to the Ephesians
f.] feminine
FEW] Walther von Wartburg, Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (Bonn, 1928-).
fut.] future
Gal] Epistle of Paul to the Galatians
Godefroy] Fr. Godefroy, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes. 10 vol. (Genève, 1983).
Heb] Epistle of Paul to the Hebrews
imperf.] imperfect
ind.] indicative
inf.] infinitive
interr.] interrogative
intr.] intransitive
Jam] Epistle of James
Joh] Gospel according to John
1 Jo] First Epistle of John
2 Jo] Second Epistle of John
3 Jo] Third Epistle of John
Jud] Letter of Jude
KJV] King James’s Version of the Holy Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments (Oxford).
Lau] Epistle to the Laodicians
LR] Lexique roman ou dictionnaire de la langue des troubadours par M. Raynouard. 6 vol. (Paris, 1836-1845).
Luk] Gospel according to Luke
Mar] Gospel according to Mark
masc] masculine
Mat] Gospel according to Matthew
neut.] neuter
NTC] Nüesch, Hans-Rudolf 1979. Altwaldensische Bibelübersetzung, Manuskript no 8 der Bibliothèque Municipale Carpentras (Berne). 2 vol.
NTCa] Unpublished ms. of the New Testament, Cambridge University Library Dd.15.34
NTD] Unpublished ms. of the New Testament, Trinity College, Dublin 258
NTG] Unpublished ms. of the New Testament, Grenoble, Bibl. Mun. 43
NTL] ms. of the Nouveau Testament de Lyon, ms. Bibliothèque de la ville A.i.54
NTP] Unpublished ms. of the New Testament, Paris, BnF fr. 2425
NTZ] Salvioni, Carlo 1890. “Il Nuovo Testamento valdese, secondo la lezione del Codice di Zurigo”, Archivio glottologico italiano 11, 1-308.
obj.] object or objective
OVI] Carlo Negroni, ed., Bibbia volgare, Anonimo [1500].
p.] past
part.] participle
1 Pe] First Epistle of Peter
2 Pe] Second Epistle of Peter
perf.] perfect
pers.] person
PD] Petit Dictionnaire provençal-français par Emil Levy, 5e édition. Heidelberg, 1973.
Phm] Epistle of Paul to Philemon
Php] Epistle of Paul to the Philippians
pl.] plural
pluperf.] pluperfect
prep.] preposition
pres.] present
pret.] preterite
pron.] pronoun
REW ] W. Meyer-Lübke, Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3e Auflage. Heidelberg, 1935.
Rom] Epistle of Paul to the Romans
sg.] singular
Segond] Louis Segond, La Bible Sainte (Genève, 1910).
Stutt.] Vg. Weber, Robertus 1979. Biblia sacra iuxta Vulgatam versionem, adiuvantes Bonitatio Fischer OSB, Johanne Bribomont OSB, H. E. D. Sparks, W. Thiele, recensuit et breve apparatu instruxit R. W. OSB, 2 vol. (Stuttgart).
subj.] subject or subjunctive
TdF] Lou Tresor dóu Felibrige par Fréderic Mistral, préface de Jean-Claude Bouvier. 2 vol. Aix-en-Provence, 1979.
1 Th] First Epistle of Paul to the Thessalonians
2 Th] Second Epistle of Paul to the Thessalonians
1 Ti] First Epistle of Paul to Timothy
2 Ti] Second Epistle of Paul to Timothy
Tit] Epistle of Paul to Titus
v.] verse
vb.] verb
vv.] verses
Vg.] Biblia Sacra, Vulgatae Editionis Sixti V Pont. Max. et Clementis VIII auctoritate edita … cura et studio Monachorum Abbatiae Pontificiae Sancti Hieronymi in Urbe Ordinis Sancti Benedicti. Casali, 1965.
W-W] I. Wordsworth, H. I. White, H. F. D. Sparks, Novum Testamentum Domini nostri Iesu Christi latine secundum editionem S. Hieronymi in Urbe edita (Romae, 1889-1954).
Wunderli] Wunderli, Peter 2009-2010. Le Nouveau Testament de Lyon (ms. Bibliothèque de la ville A.i.54 / Palais des arts 36), 2 vol.: vol 1: Introduction et édition critique; vol. 2: Analyse de la langue, Lexique et Index des noms (Tübingen & Basel).
Alibert, Louis 1965. Dictionnaire occitan-français d’après les parlers languedociens (Toulouse).
Anglade, Joseph 1921. Grammaire de l’ancien provençal ou ancienne langue d’oc (Paris).
Appel, Carl 1895. Provenzalische Chrestomathie (Leipzig).
Bartsch, Karl 1904. Chrestomathie provençale (Xe-XVe siècles). Sixième édition … refondue par Edouard Koschwitz.
Berger, Samuel 1889. “Les Bibles provençales et vaudoises”, Romania 18, 353-422.
Berger, Samuel 1890. “Nouvelles recherches sur les Bibles provençales et catalanes”, Romania 19, 505-61. Reprint of these two items in La Bible romane au moyen âge (Genève, 1977).
Cappelli, Adriano 1928. Lexicon abbreviaturarum, 2e éd., Leipzig.
Clédat, L. 1887. Le Nouveau Testament, traduit au XIIIe siècle en langue provençale, suivi d’un rituel cathare (reprint of the Paris 1887 edition). Photolithographic reproduction of the New Testament, pp. 1-469, and of the Ritual, pp. 470-82.
Corradini, Maria Sofia Corradini Bozzi 1997. Ricettari medico-farmaceutici nella Francia meridionale, vol. I (Firenze).
De Poerck, Guy & Van Deyck, Rika 1968. “La Bible et l’activité traductrice dans les pays romans avant 1300”, in Grundriß der romanischen Literaturen des Mittelalters, ed. E. Köhler, U. Mölk, D. Rieger, vol VI: La littérature didactique, allégorique et satirique (Heidelberg), tome 1, 21-48.
Foerster, Wendelin 1878. “L’Evangile selon Saint Jean en provençal du XIIIe siècle tiré du ms. 36 de la Bibliothèque du Palais des Arts, à Lyon”, Revue des langues romanes 13, 105-25, 157-79.
Gatien-Arnoult, M. 1842. Monumens de la littérature romane, publiés sous les auspices de l’Académie des Jeux Floraux … par M. Gatien-Arnoult (Toulouse). 3 vol.
Grafström, Åke 1968. Étude sur la morphologie des plus anciennes chartes languedociennes (Stockholm).
Greimas, A. J. 1994. Dictionnaire de l’ancien français (Paris).
Harris, M. Roy 1982. “Occitan fruc ‘fruit’, étude étymologique d’un régionalisme” Romania 103 (1982), 145-169.
Harris, M. Roy 1984. “Old Waldensian: some linguistic and editorial observations”, Romance Philology 38, 200-25.
Harris, M. Roy 1985. The Occitan Translations of John XII and XIII-XVII from a Fourteenth-Century Franciscan Codex (Assisi, Chiesa Nuova MS. 9). (Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 75, Part 4). Philadelphia.
Harris, M. Roy 1987. “La localisation de la scripta du Rituel cathare occitan (ms. Lyon, Bibl. Mun., PA 36)”, Actes du premier Congrès International de l’Association Internationale d’Études Occitanes, edités par Peter T. Ricketts (London), 242-50.
Harris, M. Roy 1988. “The Occitan epistle to the Laodiceans: towards an edition of MS. PA 36 (Lyons, Bibl. Mun.)”, Anna Cornagliotti et al., Miscellanea di studi romanzi offerta a Giuliano Gasca Queirazza per il suo 650 compleanno (Alessandria), vol. 1, 427-46.
Harris, M. Roy 1993. “Esparc et la pâture des porc dans d’anciennes versions occitanes de Luc 15.16”, La France latine 116, 5-26.
Harris, M. Roy 2004. “Ad Laudicenses”, http://www.rialto.unina.it/prorel/AdLaud/AdLaud(Harris).htm
Harris, M. Roy 2005. “Cathar Ritual (ms. Lyon Bibl. mun., PA 36)”, http://www.rialto.unina.it/prorel/CatharRitual/ CathRit.htm
Harris, M. Roy 2006. “Ombras “abris” dans le Nouveau Testament occitan (ms. Bibl. Mun. de Lyon PA 36)”, La France latine 142, 147-53.
Harris, M. Roy 2006a. “The Occitan New Testament in Ms. Bibl. Mun. de Lyon, PA 36: a Cathar or Waldensian translation?”, Heresis 44-45, pp. 163-85.
Jensen, Frede 1994. Syntaxe de l’ancien occitan (Tübingen).
Lemaistre de Sacy, Isaac 1667. Bible de Sacy (reedited on several occasions; cf. Paris, 1990).
Nüesch, Hans-Rudolf 1979. See NTC (Abbreviations).
Palay, Simin 1991. Dictionnaire du béarnais et du gascon modernes (Paris).
Ricketts, Peter T. 2001 en collaboration avec Alan Reed, F.R.P. Akehurst, John Hathaway et Cornelis van der Horst. Concordance de l’occitan médiéval (COM1) (Turnhout).
Ricketts, Peter T. 2005, en collaboration avec Alan Reed, F.R.P. Akehurst, John Hathaway et Cornelis van der Horst. Concordance de l’occitan médiéval (COM2) (Turnhout).
Ricketts, Peter T. & Cyril P. Hershon 207. La Vida de sant Honorat (Turnhout).
Salvioni, Carlo 1890. See NTZ (Abbreviations).
Skårup, Povl 1997. Morphologie élémentaire de l’ancien occitan (Copenhague).
Van Deyck, Rika 1970. “La Bible et l’activité traductrice dans les pays romans avant 1300”, in Grundriß der romanischen Literaturen des Mittelalters, ed. E. Köhler, U. Mölk, D. Rieger, vol VI: La littérature didactique, allégorique et satirique (Heidelberg), tome 2, 54-80.
Wunderli, Peter 1969a. Die okzitanischen Bibelübersetzungen des Mittelalters. Gelöste und ungelöste Fragen (Frankfurt/M).
Wunderli, Peter 1969b. La Plus Ancienne Tradition provençale (XIIe s.) des chapitres XIII à XVII de l’Évangile de Saint Jean (British Museum, ms. Harley 2928) (Bibliothèque française et romane (Strasbourg): Série D). Paris.
Wunderli, Peter 1971. “Die altprovenzalische Übersetzung des Laodizäerbriefs (Ms. Palais des Arts 36, Lyon)”, Vox Romanica 30, 279-86.
Wunderli, Peter 1982. Review of Nüesch 1979 in Cahiers de civilisation médiévale 25, 299-302.
Wunderli, Peter 2009-2010. See Wunderli (Abbreviations).
COM Texts
PC
80] The Poems of the Troubadour Bertran de Born, ed. William D. Paden, jr., Tilde Sankovitch, and Patricia H. Stäblein (Berkeley, 1986). (Cf. Gérard Gouiran, L’Amour et la guerre: l’oeuvre de Bertran de Born. 2 vol (Aix-en-Provence / Marseille, 1985)).
227] J. Mouzat, Guilhem Peire de Cazals, troubadour du XIIIe siècle (Paris, 1954).
242] Adolf Kolsen, Sämtliche Lieder des Trobadors Giraut de Bornelh. 2 vol. (Halle / Saale, 1910).
282] Il Canzoniere di Lanfranco Cigala, ed. Francesco Branciforti (Firenze, 1954).
315] Peter T. Ricketts, “Le troubadour Palais, édition critique, traduction et commentaire”, Studia Occitanica in memoriam Paul Remy (Kalamazoo, 1986), I, 227-240.
319] Paulet de Marselha: un Provençal a la cort dels reis d’Aragó, a cura d’Isabel de Riquer (Barcelona, 1996).
335] Poésies complètes du troubadour Peire Cardenal (1180-1278), éd. René Lavaud (Toulouse, 1957).
342] Peter T. Ricketts, “Les poésies de Peire Espanhol”, Studies in Honor of Hans-Erich Keller, edited by Rupert Pickens (Kalamazoo, 1993), 383-395.
355] Le Poesie di Peire Raimon de Tolosa, ed. Alfredo Cavaliere (Firenze, 1935).
364] Peire Vidal: poesie, edizione critica e commento a cura di D’Arco Silvio Avalle (Milano/Napoli, 1960).
370] Les Chansons de Perdigon, éd. H. J. Chaytor (Paris, 1926).
392] The Poems of the Troubadour Raimbaut de Vaqueiras, ed. Joseph Linskill (The Hague, 1964).
Narrative Texts
Note: the details for prose texts (with four letter sigla) can also be found on the website www.textworld.com.
BDC] S. Galano, Blandin di Cornovaglia (Alessandria, 2004).
BRV] Peter T. Ricketts, Le Breviari d’amor de Matfre Ermengaud, tome 5 (27252T-34597), Leiden, 1976 (nouvelle édition à paraître; tome 2 (1-8880), London, 1989; tome 3 (8880T-16783), London, 1998; tome 4 (16783T-27252) (Turnhout, 2003).
CAN] Carol Sweetenham and Linda M. Paterson, The Canso d’Antioca: an Occitan Epic Chronicle of the First Crusade (Aldershot, 2003).
CAS] Raimon Vidal, Il Castia-Gilos e i testi lirici, a cura di Giuseppe Tavani (Milano, 1999).
CCA] Chanson de la Croisade Albigeoise, texte original [d’Eugène Martin-Chabot], adaptation de Henri Gougaud (Paris, 1989).
CDFC] P. F. Delorme, “La Confessio Fidei du Frère Mathieu de Bouzigues”, Etudes franciscaines 49 (1937), 224-39.
CSF] La Chanson de Sainte Foi d’Agen … par Antoine Thomas (Paris, 1925).
DDA] [Doctrina d’acort de Terramagnino di Pisa] J. H. Marshall, The Razos de trobar of Raimon Vidal and Associated Texts (Oxford, 1972).
DEB] Daurel e Beton, a cura di Charmaine Lee (Parma / Roma, 1991).
DGBN] Ricardo Cierbide & Julián Santano, Colección diplomática de documentos gascones de la Baja Navarra (siglos XIV-XV). 2 tomos (San Sebastián 1990, Donostia, 1995).
DLMF] Paul Meyer, Documents linguistiques du Midi de la France (Paris, 1909).
DPLL] Maria Carla Marinoni, La Versione occitanica della “Doctrina pueril” di Ramon Llull (Milano, 1997).
EAM] G. E. Sansone, Testi didattico-cortesi di Provenza (Bari, 1977).
EDJ] Ramon Vidal de Besalú, Obra Poètica I, a cura de Hugh Field (Barcelona, 1989).
EMO] At de Mons, Die Werke des Trobadors N’At de Mons, … herausgegeben von Wilhelm Bernhardt (Wiesbaden, 1887) – nouvelle édition provisoire de Fabrizio Cigni.
ENF1] Vangeli occitani dell’infanzia di Gesù. Edizione critica delle versioni I e II. Introduzione, note ai testi e glossario di Gabriele Giannini. Testi a cura di Marianne Gasperoni (Bologna, 2006).
FLA] Roberta Manetti, Flamenca, romanzo occitano del secolo XIII (Modena, 2008).
GDB] Arnaut Vidal de Castelnaudary, roman d’aventures de Guilhem de la Barra: texte réédité à partir du manuscrit.
GDR] La Chanson de Girart de Roussillon, traduction, présentation et notes de Micheline du Grès et Gérard Gouiran (Lettres Gothiques, Paris, 1993).
HER] Maria Sofia Corradini Bozzi, Ricettari medico-farmaceutici medievali nella Francia meridionale vol. I (Firenze, 1997).
JAU] Jaufre, a cura di Charmaine Lee (Roma, 2006).
JDC] J. Massó Torrents, “Poésies en partie inédites de Johan de Castellnou et de Raimon de Cornet d’après le manuscrit de Barcelone” Annales du Midi 26 (1914), 449-73.
JDE] M. Lazar, Le Jugement dernier (lo Jutgament General). Drame provençal du XVe siècle (Paris, 1971, nouvelle édition, à paraître).
JDV1] H. Suchier, Denkmäler provenzalischer Literatur und Sprache (Halle, 1883).
JGS] Alfred Jeanroy, Les Joies du Gai Savoir (Toulouse, 1914).
LAB] J. Anglade, Las Flors del Gay Saber (Barcelona, 1926).
LCA] La Cort d’amor, provisional text by Peter Ricketts (cf. M. Bardell Oxford, 2002).
LCOA] Felix Derrer, Eine Summa codicis in prov. Sprache aus dem XII. Jahrhundert. Die prov. Fassung der Handschrift A (Sorbonne 632) (Zürich, 1974).
LDAC] J. Anglade, Las Leys d’Amors, manuscrit de l’Académie des Jeux Floraux. 4 tomes (Toulouse-Paris, 1919-1920).
LDVC] Lettre de Dieu, “Deux petits textes occitans: une oraison de la Vierge et une lettre du Christ, tombée du ciel”, Romània romana: giornata di studi on onore di Giuseppe Tavani, Critica del testo VII / 2 (2004), 845-9.
LGR] Les Epîtres de Guiraut Riquier, troubadour du XIIIe siècle, édition critique … par Joseph Linskill (Liège, 1985).
LMDO] J.-P. Barraqué, Le Martinet d’Orthez (Biarritz, 1999).
LPRA] P. Pansier, Histoire de la langue provençale à Avignon du XIIme au XIXme siècle. 5 vol. (Avignon, 1924-1932; réimpr. Genève / Marseille, 1974), I, 2-109, II, 25-251).
LSA2] Un’altra testimonianza del «Seneca» provenzale. Edizione, note ed appunti linguistici di Sandro Orlando (Torino, 1984).
LSG1] Gianfranco Contini, Un poemetto provenzale di argomento geomantico (Fribourg, 1940).
MDP2] A. Jeanroy & H. Teulié, Les Mystères provençaux du quinzième siècle (Toulouse 1893).
MRSK] Das Kaufmannsbuch des Johan Blasi (1329-1337). Ausgabe mit sprachlichem und wirtschaftsgeschichtlichem Kommentar (Saarbrücken, 1965).
MSP] P. Guillaume, “Istorio de Sanct Poncz”, Revue des langues romanes 31 (1887), 317-420, 461-553; 32 (1888), 5-24, 250-85.
NOL] Antonino De Stefano, La Noble Leçon des Vaudois du Piémont: texte critique, introduction et glossaire (Paris, 1909).
PACP1] C. Brunel, Les Plus Anciennes Chartes en langue provençale (Paris, 1926 & 1952).
PAV13] Geneviève Brunel-Lobrichon, “Le manuscrit du Sponsus et ses poésies bilingues: édition et traduction de deux poèmes à la Vierge (XIe siècle)”, P. Lardet, éd., La Tradition vive: Mélanges d’histoire des textes en l’honneur de Louis Holtz (Turnhout, 2003), 401-15.
PDJE] C. Chabaneau, “La prise de Jérusalem ou la Vengeance du Sauveur”, Revue des langues romanes 32 (1888), 581-608, 33 (1889), 31-46, 600-609.
PDS] K. Bartsch, Denkmäler der provenzalishen Litteratur (Stuttgart, 1856).
PGN] Guilhem Anelier de Tolosa, La Guerra de Navarra: Nafarroako Gudua. 2 vol. … a carga de Maurice Berthe, Ricardo Cierbide, Xabier Kintana y Julián Santalo (Pamplona, 1995).
POR] Barbara Spaggiari, “La Poesia religiosa anonima catalan o occitanica”, Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Classe si Lettere e Filosofia, serie III, vol. VII, 1 (1977), 117-350.
PRFR6] R. Manselli & M. H. Vicaire, “Pierre Jean-Olieu, Lo Cavaliere armat (texte provençal édité d’après le ms. 9 de la Bibl. conv. Chiesa Nuova d’Assise)”, La Religion populaire en Languedoc du XIIIe s. à la moitié du XIVe s., Cahiers de Fanjeaux 11 (1976), 203-16.
PRO] Guillem de Cervera, Versos proverbials, edició crítica i comentada a cura di Joan Coromines (Barcelona, 1991).
PRW] E. Levy, “Poésies religieuses provençales et françaises du manuscrit extravagant 268 de Wolfenbüttel”, Revue des langues romanes 31 (1887), 173-288 and 420-35.
QVC] Peter T. Ricketts, “Le roman de Daude de Pradas sur les quatre vertus cardinales”, La France Latine 134 (2002), 131-183.
RAC] The Romance of Daude de Pradas called Dels Auzels Cassadors, edited … by Alexander H. Schutz (Columbus, 1945).
RDE] Suzanne Thiolier et Marie-Fran,coise Notz-Grob, Nouvelles courtoises occitanes et françaises (Paris, 1997).
RMV] Folquet de Lunel, Le Poesie e il Romanzo della vita mondana a cura di Giuseppe Tavani (Alessandria, 2004).
SAV] Paul Guillaume, Mystère de Sant Anthoni de Viennès (Paris, 1884).
SRM] [Salut] Les Poésies du troubadour Raimon de Miraval, éditées par L. T. Topsfield (Paris, 1971).
THPA] M. S. Corradini Bozzi, Ricettari medico-farmaceutici medievali nella Francia meridionale, vol. I (Firenze, 1997).
TSFG] F. Durieux, “Les propos du Frère Gilles d’Assise en occitan du XIIe siècle”, Recherches sur vie religieuse en Pays d’Oc, Annales de l’Institut d’Etudes Occitanes, num. sp. 4e série, automne 1956, 58-87.
VERG] Vergier de cunsollacion e altri scritti (manoscritto GE 209) a cura di Annabella Degan Checchini (Antichi testi valdesi, 1) (Torino, 1979).
VERT] Vertuz e altri scritti (manoscritto GE 206) a cura di Mario Dal Corso e di Luciana Borghi Cedrini (Antichi testi valdesi, 2) (Torino, 1984).
VGSF] I. Arthur, La Vida del glorios sant Frances (Uppsala, 1955).
VMJB] Cyril P. Hershon, “Johan de Caulibus, Contemplatio vitae et miraculorum Jesu Christi version occitane), BnF, Fr. Nouv. Acq. [sic] 6194” La France latine 140 (2005), 175-331.
VSE] Machio Okada, “Bertran de Marseille, La Vie de sainte Énimie, établi d’après le manuscrit unique 6355 de la Bibliothèque de l’Arsenal”, The Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, Tokyo Metropolitan University 255 (1994), 1-48.
VSG] C. Chabaneau, “Paraphrase des litanies en vers provençaux”, Revue des langues romanes 29 (1886), 209-55 et “Vie de Saint Georges”, ibid. 31 (1888), 139-55.
VSH] Peter T. Ricketts & Cyril P. Hershon, La Vida de Sant Honorat (Turnhout, 2007).