I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
I. Lords, because of our sins the Saracens’ strength increases: Saladin captured Jerusalem and it is still not reconquered. As a consequence the king of Morocco makes known that he will fight all the kings of Christendom, with his perfidious Andalusians and Arabs armed against the faith of Christ.
II. He has summoned all his lieutenants, Masmudes, Moors, Goths and Berbers, and there remains not one, fat or thin, which he will fail to line up in his army. Never was rainfall so dense as they are when they pass through and take the plains; he throws them carcasses to graze on that have been left for the vultures, as if they were sheep, and [when they have passed by] not a shoot or root remains.
III. Those he has hand-picked are so arrogant that they think the world is subject to them; masses of Moroccans and Marabouts take rest in the fields and boast among themselves: ‘Franks, make way for us! Provence and the Toulousain are ours, and all the land to Le Puy!’ You never heard a more terrifying threat than that of these false cursed pagan dogs.
IV. Emperor, hear this, and you, the King of France, and you, his cousin, and the English king, the Count of Poitou: come and assist the King of Spain! For never could anyone be more close at hand to serve God: with His assistance you will vanquish all the curs that Mohammed has deceived, and the renegades who have gone over to his side.
V. Jesus Christ, who has preached to us so that our end should be a good one, shows us which is the right path: for the sin that came from Adam will be pardoned with penitence. And He wants to make us sure and certain that if we believe in Him He will place us with the elect, and He will be our guide there against the false vile traitors.
VI. Let us not abandon our patrimony, since we are established in the great faith, to black dogs from overseas: let each man think on this before the damage touches us! Men of Portugal, Galicia, Castile, Navarre, Aragon and Cerdagne we have thrown against them as a barrier, but they have routed and humiliated them.
VII. When they see the barons who have taken the Cross, the Germans, French, Cambresians, English, Bretons and Angevins, men of Bearn and Gascony, united with us, and the Provençals, in a great multitude, then you can be certain that with the Spaniards we shall smash the rabble, and the head and hands [of the enemy], until we have killed and destroyed them all; then all the gold will be divided up among us.
VIII. Gavaudan will be a prophet: what he has said will be done. Death to the dogs! And God will be honoured and served where Mohammed used to be worshipped.
3: Jerusalem fell to Saladin on 2 October 1187.
5: the Almohad caliphs proclaimed themselves rulers not only of Morocco but of all Ifriqiya and al-Andalus.
11: Masmudes were a Berber tribe of the Almohade dynasty.
28: Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI (see Guida’s edition, pp. 51-52).
29: King Philip Augustus and Count Raymond VI of Toulouse (see Guida’s edition, pp. 52-53).
30: Richard the Lionheart.
44: la indicates that Gavaudan was not in Spain when he composed this song.
Edition: Guida 1979; english translation and notes: Linda Paterson. – Rialto 4.xii.2013.
Gavaudan’s song was composed immediately after the Christian defeat at Alarcos (July 1195), when the Almohad caliph Abu Yusuf Ya ’qub al-Mansur was pressing towards areas of northern Spain which had hitherto long been beyond the reach of the Arabs, traditionally considered to be an impregnable bastion of the western world, and from where he was threatening to move on towards Proensa e Tolzas. It is clear from stanza VII that Gavaudan created his crusade song in lands subject to the count of Toulouse, since the ethnic-political group to which the troubadour felt himself to belong, as he imagined the contingents of the other European regions ab nos mesclatz in common opposition to the Arabs, must be identified with Raimon VI’s subjects.